An acromioclavicular (AC) joint sprain is an injury that affects the joint between the acromion (a part of the shoulder blade or scapula) and the clavicle (collarbone). This joint is essential for shoulder stability and function. AC joint sprains are often caused by trauma, such as a fall onto the shoulder or a direct blow to the area. Here’s a brief overview:
- Types of AC Joint Sprains:
- Grade I (Mild): This is the least severe type of AC joint sprain and involves stretching or slight tearing of the ligaments. The joint remains stable, and there is little to no displacement of the clavicle.
- Grade II (Moderate): In a Grade II sprain, the ligaments are partially torn, leading to some joint instability and noticeable displacement of the clavicle.
- Grade III (Severe): A Grade III sprain is the most severe and involves complete tearing of the ligaments. This results in significant joint instability, with the clavicle often displaced higher than normal.
- Causes: AC joint sprains are commonly caused by falls directly onto the shoulder or through sports-related injuries where the joint is subjected to a sudden impact or force.
- Symptoms:
- Pain and tenderness at the AC joint, often felt on the top of the shoulder.
- Swelling and bruising over the AC joint area.
- Limited range of motion in the shoulder.
- A visible deformity or bump over the AC joint in Grade II and III sprains.
- Pain when moving the arm or lifting objects.
- Diagnosis: A healthcare provider will typically diagnose an AC joint sprain through a physical examination, medical history review, and possibly imaging tests like X-rays or MRI to assess the severity of the injury and rule out associated fractures.
- Treatment:
- Grade I Sprain: Mild sprains usually respond well to conservative treatment, including rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy to restore range of motion and strength.
- Grade II Sprain: Moderate sprains may also be treated conservatively, but a period of sling immobilization may be required to allow the ligaments to heal properly.
- Grade III Sprain: Severe sprains may require more extensive treatment, and in some cases, surgery to reconstruct the damaged ligaments and stabilize the joint.
- Rehabilitation: Regardless of the grade of the sprain, physical therapy is an important component of recovery. It helps improve shoulder function, strength, and stability and can prevent long-term complications.
- Prognosis: The outlook for individuals with AC joint sprains depends on the severity of the injury and how well they respond to treatment. Most people can expect a full recovery with appropriate care, but it may take several weeks to several months to regain full shoulder function.