Trochanteric bursitis, also known as hip bursitis, is a condition characterized by inflammation or irritation of the bursa located near the greater trochanter of the femur (the bony prominence on the outer side of the hip). Bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that act as cushions between bones and soft tissues, reducing friction during joint movement. Trochanteric bursitis typically results in pain and discomfort on the outer side of the hip and can interfere with daily activities. Here’s an overview of trochanteric bursitis:
- Causes:
- Repetitive Stress: Overuse or repetitive activities that involve the hip, such as running, cycling, or climbing stairs, can lead to irritation of the trochanteric bursa.
- Trauma: A direct blow to the hip or a fall on the hip can cause bursitis.
- Muscle Imbalances: Weakness or imbalances in the muscles surrounding the hip joint can contribute to increased pressure on the bursa.
- Spinal Conditions: Certain conditions affecting the spine, such as scoliosis or unequal leg lengths, can alter hip mechanics and lead to bursitis.
- Bone Spurs: Bone spurs or abnormalities around the hip joint may irritate the bursa and cause inflammation.
- Symptoms:
- Pain: The most common symptom of trochanteric bursitis is pain on the outer side of the hip, which can radiate down the thigh or buttock. The pain may be sharp, aching, or burning.
- Tenderness: The area over the greater trochanter may be tender to the touch.
- Stiffness: Individuals with bursitis may experience hip stiffness, particularly in the morning or after prolonged periods of rest.
- Painful Activities: Pain is often aggravated by activities that involve the affected hip, such as walking, climbing stairs, or standing for extended periods.
- Diagnosis:
- Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination to assess hip pain, range of motion, and tenderness.
- Imaging tests, such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI, may be used to rule out other hip conditions and confirm the diagnosis.
- Treatment:
- Conservative Management: Most cases of trochanteric bursitis can be successfully managed with conservative treatments, including:
- Rest: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms.
- Ice: Applying ice to the affected area to reduce inflammation.
- Anti-inflammatory Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be recommended to alleviate pain and inflammation.
- Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen hip muscles and improve flexibility can help alleviate pressure on the bursa.
- Corticosteroid Injections: In some cases, a healthcare provider may administer corticosteroid injections into the bursa to reduce inflammation and pain.
- Assistive Devices: The use of assistive devices such as crutches or a cane may help reduce pressure on the hip during recovery.
- Surgical Intervention: Surgery is rarely needed for trochanteric bursitis but may be considered if conservative treatments are ineffective and other hip conditions are ruled out.
- Prognosis: With appropriate treatment and lifestyle modifications, most people with trochanteric bursitis can experience significant relief from pain and return to their usual activities. However, recovery times can vary, and some individuals may experience recurrent bouts of bursitis.